Marginal versus effective tax rate

Your marginal rate is the rate on the next dollar of income; your effective rate is total tax divided by total income. Planning decisions depend on the marginal rate.

How it works

Federal brackets are progressive, so a taxpayer in the 32 percent bracket pays that rate only on income above the bracket threshold, and a much lower rate overall. Long-term capital gains use separate rates.

Why it matters

Whether to realize a gain this year or next, or to take a deduction now, is a marginal-rate question. Capital gains.

Where this comes up in our work

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Definitions are general information, not legal advice, and may not reflect the most recent changes in law.